Which is a common sign of stress in a captive raptor?

In captive raptors, excessive preening or aggression is indeed a common sign of stress. When birds experience stress, they may exhibit changes in their behavior, reflecting their discomfort or unease. Excessive preening may occur as the bird attempts to manage its anxiety, and this can lead to feather damage or loss. Similarly, aggression can manifest as a response to a perceived threat or discomfort in their environment. Such behavioral changes often indicate that the bird is struggling to cope with the conditions around it, whether it's due to handling, habitat, or the presence of other animals or humans.

Other behaviors like reduced vocalization or loss of appetite can be signs of stress as well, but excessive preening or aggression is more direct in depicting a raptor's immediate response to stressors. Increased flying activity might suggest restlessness rather than a clear indicator of stress, as birds can sometimes become more active when trying to escape unfavorable conditions. Understanding these signs is crucial for falconers and caregivers to ensure the raptors’ well-being and to implement changes when necessary.